Welcome to ComputerGS (www.computergs.online) – Your trusted platform for Computer Awareness for SSC, Banking, Railway, UPSI, STENO and other government exams.
In this post, we will learn about:
✅ Algorithm
✅ Flowchart
✅ Number System (Binary, Decimal, Octal, Hexadecimal)
All concepts are explained in simple language and exam-oriented format.
📌 1. Algorithm
🔹 What is an Algorithm?
An Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem.
It is written in simple English statements before writing a computer program.
🔹 Definition:
An algorithm is a finite set of instructions used to perform a specific task.
🔹 Characteristics of Algorithm
Input – Zero or more inputs
Output – At least one output
Definiteness – Clear and unambiguous steps
Finiteness – Must end after finite steps
Effectiveness – Simple and executable steps
🔹 Example: Algorithm to Add Two Numbers
Start
Input A and B
Sum = A + B
Display Sum
Stop
🎯 Advantages of Algorithm
✔ Easy to understand
✔ Helps in debugging
✔ Stepwise solution
✔ Language independent
📌 2. Flowchart
🔹 What is a Flowchart?
A Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm using symbols.
It helps to understand the logic visually.
🔹 Common Flowchart Symbols
| Symbol | Name | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Oval | Start/Stop | Beginning or End |
| Rectangle | Process | Calculation |
| Parallelogram | Input/Output | Data Input/Display |
| Diamond | Decision | Yes/No condition |
| Arrow | Flow Line | Direction of flow |
🔹 Example: Flowchart for Adding Two Numbers
Start → Input A,B → A+B → Display Result → Stop
🎯 Advantages of Flowchart
✔ Easy to understand logic
✔ Better program planning
✔ Useful in debugging
✔ Visual clarity
📌 Difference Between Algorithm and Flowchart
| Algorithm | Flowchart |
|---|---|
| Written in steps | Drawn with symbols |
| Text format | Diagram format |
| Easier to modify | Takes time to redraw |
| Logical solution | Visual representation |
📌 3. Number System
A Number System is a method of representing numbers using digits.
Computers understand only Binary (0 and 1).
🔹 Types of Number System
| Number System | Base | Digits Used |
|---|---|---|
| Decimal | 10 | 0–9 |
| Binary | 2 | 0,1 |
| Octal | 8 | 0–7 |
| Hexadecimal | 16 | 0–9, A–F |
🔹 1. Decimal Number System (Base 10)
Used in daily life
Example: 345
Expanded form:
3×10² + 4×10¹ + 5×10⁰
🔹 2. Binary Number System (Base 2)
Used by computers
Digits: 0 and 1
Example:
(1011)₂
Expanded:
1×2³ + 0×2² + 1×2¹ + 1×2⁰
🔹 3. Octal Number System (Base 8)
Digits: 0–7
Shortcut of binary
Example: (17)₈
🔹 4. Hexadecimal Number System (Base 16)
Digits: 0–9 and A–F
Used in memory addressing
Example: (2A)₁₆
📌 Number System Conversion (Important for Exams)
🔹 Decimal to Binary
Divide number by 2 repeatedly and write remainder.
Example:
10 → 1010₂
🔹 Binary to Decimal
Multiply each digit by power of 2.
Example:
1010₂ = 10₁₀
🔹 Binary to Octal
Group binary digits in 3 from right side.
🔹 Binary to Hexadecimal
Group binary digits in 4 from right side.
🎯 Important Exam Points
✔ Binary is base 2
✔ Hexadecimal base is 16
✔ Algorithm must be finite
✔ Flowchart uses standard symbols
✔ Computer understands binary language
🏆 Conclusion
Algorithm and Flowchart are basic tools for programming logic.
Number System is the foundation of computer data representation.
Understanding these topics is very important for SSC, Banking, Railway, UPSI, Computer Operator and other competitive exams.
For more notes, MCQs and practice questions visit:
👉 www.computergs.online – ComputerGS
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